英语翻译Argument to the best explanationC.Behan McCullagh lays down seven conditions for a successful argument to the best explanation:[11]The statement,together with other statements already held to be true,must imply yet other statements descri

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英语翻译Argument to the best explanationC.Behan McCullagh lays down seven conditions for a successful argument to the best explanation:[11]The statement,together with other statements already held to be true,must imply yet other statements descri
英语翻译
Argument to the best explanation
C.Behan McCullagh lays down seven conditions for a successful argument to the best explanation:[11]
The statement,together with other statements already held to be true,must imply yet other statements describing present,observable data.(We will henceforth call the first statement 'the hypothesis',and the statements describing observable data,'observation statements'.)
The hypothesis must be of greater explanatory scope than any other incompatible hypothesis about the same subject; that is,it must imply a greater variety of observation statements.
The hypothesis must be of greater explanatory power than any other incompatible hypothesis about the same subject; that is,it must make the observation statements it implies more probable than any other.
The hypothesis must be more plausible than any other incompatible hypothesis about the same subject; that is,it must be implied to some degree by a greater variety of accepted truths than any other,and be implied more strongly than any other; and its probable negation must be implied by fewer beliefs,and implied less strongly than any other.
The hypothesis must be less ad hoc than any other incompatible hypothesis about the same subject; that is,it must include fewer new suppositions about the past which are not already implied to some extent by existing beliefs.
It must be disconfirmed by fewer accepted beliefs than any other incompatible hypothesis about the same subject; that is,when conjoined with accepted truths it must imply fewer observation statements and other statements which are believed to be false.
It must exceed other incompatible hypotheses about the same subject by so much,in characteristics 2 to 6,that there is little chance of an incompatible hypothesis,after further investigation,soon exceeding it in these respects.
McCullagh sums up,"if the scope and strength of an explanation are very great,so that it explains a large number and variety of facts,many more than any competing explanation,then it is likely to be true."

英语翻译Argument to the best explanationC.Behan McCullagh lays down seven conditions for a successful argument to the best explanation:[11]The statement,together with other statements already held to be true,must imply yet other statements descri
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题目我看应该译作
如何作出最好的（历史）解释
或者
作出最好解释的要旨（意思就是作出好的解释的必备方法）
C.Behan McCullagh 列出了作出最好的解释的七项条件.
（你的）这个的叙述,加之已被认定为真实得叙述,必须包含对现在可观察的信息进行描述的叙述.（因此,我们将第一个叙述称为假说,把对可观察的信息的叙述称为总结叙述.observation statements 这个我看是固定的,没找到中文翻译,我翻译作总结叙述,你看着办吧
较之对同一问题的其他与你矛盾的假说,你的假说必须站在给宽广的视角上,即,你叙述必须包含更为详尽的总结叙述.
较之对同一问题的其他与你矛盾的假说,你的假说必须具有更强的解释力,即,它必须使它的总结叙述比别的更像真实的.
较之对同一问题的其他与你矛盾的假说,你的假说必须更像真的,即,肯定你的假说的那些已被接受的事实更多,更具说服力的.同时,否定你的假说的意见更少,更不具说服力.
较之对同一问题的其他与你矛盾的假说,你的假说必须更笼统,即,对尚未认定的历史所作出的新推定必须更少.
较之对同一问题的其他与你矛盾的假说,能够对你的假说进行反驳的定论更少,即,当你的假说涉及已被接受的事实的时候,你的总结叙述和被认为是错误的叙述必须更少.
对同一问题的其他与你矛盾的假说,你的假说必须在2至6项特征上超过它们很多才能让其他假说没有机会.
McCullagh总结说,“如果你的解释视角很广阔,解释力度很强,那么你的假说可以解释的事实就很多,远多于其他的假说,这样,你的假说很可能就变成真的了.
才疏学浅,错误的地方,请指正

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论据的最佳解释
C。 Behan McCullagh提出七个条件为一个成功的论据到最佳的解释：[11]
声明，与已经举行的其他声明一起是真实的，必须暗示，描述当前，可测的数据的其他声明。 (我们从此将称第一个声明‘假说’和声明描述可测的数据的， ‘观察声明’。) 假说比其他不相容的假说大致同样的主题必须是更加了不起的说明范围; 即它必须暗示观察声明更加巨大的品种。假说比其他不相容的假说大致同样的主题必须是更加巨大的说明力量; 即它比任何其他暗示可能的它必须做观察声明。假说比其他不相容的假说大致同样的主题一定振振有词; 即比任何其他强烈比任何其他必须暗示它到某一程度由被接受的真相更加巨大的品种和被暗示; 并且强烈比任何其他必须由少量信仰暗示和暗示它可能的否定较少。假说比其他不相容的假说大致同样的主题一定较不特别的; 即它必须包括由现有的信仰不在某种程度上已经暗示的少量新的假定关于过去。比其他不相容的假说大致同样的主题必须由少量被接受的信仰驳斥它; 即，当连接以被接受的真相时它必须暗示认为是错误的少量观察声明和其他声明。它必须由非常超出其他不相容的假说大致同样的主题，在特征2到6，有一个不相容的假说的少许机会，在进一步调查以后，很快超出它在这些方面。 McCullagh总结， “如果解释的范围和力量比所有竞争的解释是非常伟大的，因此它解释一个大数和许多事实，多余其他任何有力的解释，然后可能是真实的”。

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争论最好的解释
小犀牛McCullagh之放下七个条件对成功的争论最好的解释:[11],

这个声明,连同其他报表已经举行了是真的,必须暗示而其他陈述,观测数据。(我们将从此打电话给第一个声明的假说”,陈述语句的观测数据,可见的。)
这个假说的大范围必须说明比其他任何不相容的假说同样的主题;也就是说,它必须暗示着各种各样的观察报告。
这个假说的解释力更要比其他任何不相容的假说同样的主题;也就是说,它必须观察它意味着更多的可能性比其他任何。
这个假设是必须比其他任何不相容的假说同样的主题;也就是说,它必须隐含某种程度上由各种各样的公认的真理比其他任何,比任何其他更强烈地暗示,其可能的否定,必须由少的信仰,并暗示强烈暗示少比任何其他。
这个假设应小于特设比其他任何不相容的假说同样的主题;也就是说,它必须包含较少的新设想过去发生的事而不是已经暗示,一定程度上存在的信仰。
它必须以较少disconfirmed接受信仰比其他任何不相容的假说同样的主题;也就是说,当联体公认的真理必须用较少的观察报告及其他暗示的报告被认为是假的。
它必须超越其他不相容的假说,大约相同的学科特点,通过了这么多,在2 - 6,很少有机会合不来的假说,进一步调查,很快超过它在这些方面。
McCullagh总结,“如果范围和力量的一个解释是非常巨大的,所以它解释了大量各种各样的事实,许非常多,艺术设计多,比任何竞争的解释,然后,很可能是真的。”

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