英语翻译Studies of media reporting about civil litigation demonstrate that such reportingpresents a systematically distorted picture of civil litigation.Wilkins and Patterson(1987) comment that news reporting is “event-centered” and that,as a

英语翻译Studies of media reporting about civil litigation demonstrate that such reportingpresents a systematically distorted picture of civil litigation.Wilkins and Patterson(1987) comment that news reporting is “event-centered” and that,as a
英语翻译
Studies of media reporting about civil litigation demonstrate that such reporting
presents a systematically distorted picture of civil litigation.Wilkins and Patterson
(1987) comment that news reporting is “event-centered” and that,as a consequence,
the “system in which a given event is embedded” is rarely considered.As a result,
despite the fact that the majority of civil disputes are settled by means other than
trial,media reports tend to focus on the concrete events of trials,with little systematic
consideration of aggregate information.Furthermore,trials in which the plaintiffs
prevail and large-scale monetary damages are awarded receive more attention than
other cases that go to trial.
Bailis and MacCoun (1996) conducted a content analysis of reports about tort
litigation appearing in national news magazines during the 1980s.They compared
the news coverage with available empirical data describing the tort litigation system
(e.g.,Hensler et al.,1991).Much of the tort caseload is made up of automobile accident
cases; products liability and medical malpractice cases are relatively infrequent
(Hensler et al.,1991).However,the news reports were characterized by descriptions
of products liability and medical malpractice cases to the near exclusion of
automobile accident cases (Bailis & MacCoun,1996).In addition,the content analysis
revealed that the news magazines disproportionately reported on (1) disputes
that were disposed of by a trial as opposed to other mechanisms,including bilateral
settlement,(2) trials in which the plaintiff prevailed,and (3) trials that resulted in
large damage awards.Moreover,of the few news articles that commented on the
tort system more generally,Bailis and MacCoun found that most were critical of the
system in ways consistent with the distorted picture presented,citing harms to the
economy and making charges about litigiousness and attorneys’ fees.
These findings are consistent with the results of another content analysis which
examined newspaper coverage of 351 personal injury product liability cases against
automobile manufacturers that were decided between 1983 and 1996 (Garber,1998).
This analysis demonstrated that coverage of a case was more likely when the plaintiff
prevailed and when the award included a punitive component.Only3%of defendant
wins received any coverage,compared to 41% of plaintiff wins and 63% of punitive
damage awards.Newspaper coverage of a verdict also increased as the total amount
of damages increased.Overall,initial awards received more news coverage than did
any subsequent reduction in the amount of the award (Garber,1998).A smaller
study of two New York newspapers over a 6-year period found that both the mean
and the median of the damage awards reported by the papers far exceeded those
measures for all actual damages awarded during the same time period (Chase,1995).

英语翻译Studies of media reporting about civil litigation demonstrate that such reportingpresents a systematically distorted picture of civil litigation.Wilkins and Patterson(1987) comment that news reporting is “event-centered” and that,as a
媒体的调查与思考民事诉讼报告表明,这样的报告
提出了民事诉讼的系统性扭曲.威尔金斯和帕特森
（1987年）的评论,新闻报道是“事件为中心”,而作为一个后果,
该“制度,即某一特定事件被嵌入”是很少考虑.因此,
尽管大多数的民事纠纷解决的其实都是以外的方式
试验中,媒体的报道往往侧重于具体的审判活动,很少有系统
审议汇总信息.此外,试验中的原告
占上风,大规模的经济赔偿被授予获得更多的注意力
进入审判程序的其他案件.
Bailis和MacCoun（1996年）进行了内容分析法对侵权行为的报告
在诉讼过程中出现的全国性新闻杂志上世纪80年代.他们比较
与描述的侵权诉讼制度提供实证数据的新闻报道
（例如,亨斯勒等.,1991）.对侵权案件大多是由汽车事故
案件;产品责任和医疗事故案件相对较少
（亨斯勒等.,1991）.但是,新闻报道的特点是描述
产品责任险和医疗纠纷案件近排斥
车祸案件（Bailis＆MacCoun,1996）.此外,内容分析
新闻杂志透露,不成比例地（1）纠纷报告
这是一个试验的处置,而不是其他机制,包括双边
解决,（2）试验中,原告占了上风,（3）试验的结果在
大的损害赔偿.此外,在一些新闻文章的评论
侵权制度更加普遍,Bailis和MacCoun发现,大多数人是关键
扭曲的方式与图片一致的系统介绍,列举的危害
经济及约litigiousness和律师费使收费.
这些发现与其他内容分析的结果相一致的
研究报纸351人身伤害案件承保产品责任
汽车是1983年和1996年之间决定（加伯,1998年）制造商.
这一分析表明,对某一案件的报道时,更容易原告
占了上风,当奖包括惩罚性的组成部分.Only3％的被告
胜收到任何报道,而41％的原告获胜,63％的惩罚性
损害赔偿.报纸一案的审判也增加了总金额
增加赔偿.总体而言,最初的奖项共收到超过新闻报道没有
任何在随后的奖励金额减少（加伯,1998年）.阿小
两个纽约报纸研究了一个6年期的发现,无论是平均
和损害的文件报道奖中位数远远超过了这些
措施在同一时间内获得的一切实际损失（大通,1995年）.