五一劳动节英语的小报 要有翻译

五一劳动节英语的小报 要有翻译
五一劳动节英语的小报 要有翻译

五一劳动节英语的小报 要有翻译
1889年7月14日,由各国马克思主义者召集的社会主义者代表大会,在法国巴黎隆重开幕.这次大会上,法国代表拉文提议：把1886年5月1日美国工人争取八小时工作制的斗争日,定为国际无产阶级的共同节日.与会代表一致同意,通过了这项具有历史意义的决议.从此,“五一”国际劳动节诞生了.
为什么要把这一天定为国际劳动节呢?这还得从19世纪80年代的美国工人运动说起.
当时,美国和欧洲的许多国家,逐步由资本主义发展到帝国主义阶段,为了刺激经济的高速发展,榨取更多的剩余价值,以维护这个高速运转的资本主义机器,资本家不断采取增加劳动时间和劳动强度的办法来残酷地剥削工人.
在美国,工人们每天要劳动14至16个小时,有的甚至长达18个小时,但工资却很低.马萨诸塞州一个鞋厂的监工说：“让一个身强力壮体格健全的18岁小伙子,在这里的任何一架机器旁边工作,我能够使他在22岁时头发变成灰白.”沉重的阶级压迫激起了无产者巨大的愤怒.他们知道,要争取生存的条件,就只有团结起来,通过罢工运动与资本家作斗争.工人们提出的罢工口号,就是要求实行八小时工作制.
1877年,美国历史上第一次全国罢工开始了.工人阶级走向街头游行示威,向政府提出改善劳动与生活条件,要求缩短工时,实行八小时工作制.罢工不久,队伍日渐扩大,工会会员人数激增,各地工人也纷纷参加罢工运动.
在工人运动的强大压力下,美国国会被迫制定了八小时工作制的法律.但是,狠毒的资本家根本不予理睬,这项法律只不过是一纸空文,工人们仍然是生活在水深火热之中,倍受资本家的折磨.忍无可忍的工人们决定将这场争取生存权利的斗争,推向一个新的高潮,准备举行更大规模的罢工运动.
1884年10月,美国和加拿大的八个国际性和全国性工人团体,在美国芝加哥举行一个集会,决定于1886年5月1日举行总罢工,迫使资本家实施八小时工作制.这一天终于来到了.5月1日,美国2万多个企业的35万工人停工上街,举行了声势浩大的示威游行,各种肤色,各个工种的工人一齐进行总罢工.仅芝加哥一个城市,就有4．5万名工人涌上街头.这下,美国的主要工业部门处于瘫痪状态,火车变成了僵蛇,商店更是鸦雀无声,所有的仓库也都关门并贴上封条.当时在罢工工人中流行着一首“八小时之歌”,歌中唱道：
“我们要把世界变个样,我们厌倦了白白的辛劳,光得到仅能糊口的工饷,从没有时间让我们去思考.我们要闻闻花香,我们要晒晒太阳,我们相信：上帝只允许八小时工作日.我们从船坞、车间和工场,召集了我们的队伍,争取八小时工作,八小时休息,八小时归自己!”
激昂的歌声唱出了工人的心声,唱出了全世界无产者的共同愿望,也感染了广大的群众,他们纷纷声援工人的罢工运动,将罢工运动推向新的高潮.罢工运动所表现的巨大力量使政府当局和资本家极为恐慌,他们不甘心答应工人的条件,便露出他们狰狞的一面.5月3日,芝加哥政府当局终于撕下了“民主”的假面具,用暴力镇压工人.他们组织罢工破坏者在警察的保护下混进工人的罢工队伍,故意制造混乱,以此为借口,当场开枪打死六个工人.这一暴行,激起了全市工人的极大愤慨,他们决心为死难的工人兄弟们报仇!
为纪念美国工人1886年5月11日的罢工运动,为推动整个世界工人阶级的斗争热情,就把这一天定为国际无产阶级的共同节日.在以后的每年5月1日,各国的工人阶级都举行大规模的示威游行,以争取自身的权利.
July 14, 1889, convened by the national socialists Marxist congress opened in Paris, France. The General Assembly, the representative of France Lavin proposal: to May 1, 1886 American workers struggle for the eight-hour day work system, the international proletariat as a common holiday. The participants unanimously agreed, adopted the historic resolution. Since then, "May 1" International Labor Day was born.
Why should this day as the International Day then? This has to be from the 19th century, the American labor movement's start with 80.
At that time, the United States and Europe, many countries progressively to the imperialist stage of capitalist development, in order to stimulate rapid economic development, to extract more surplus value, in order to protect the high-speed operation of the capitalist machine, the capitalists continue to increase working time and labor-intensive approach to the ruthless exploitation of workers.
In the U.S., workers have to work every day from 14 to 16 hours, some even up to 18 hours, but the wages are very low. Supervision of a shoe factory in Massachusetts, said: "Let one able-bodied able-bodied young man 18 years old, where the machine next to the work of any one, and I can make him into a gray hair in the age of 22." Mercilessly oppressed aroused great proletarian anger. They know the conditions to fight for survival, only together, through the strike movement and the struggle against the capitalists. Put forward the slogan of the workers strike, is demanding the eight hour working day.
In 1877, the first nationwide strike in U.S. history began. The working class took to the streets demonstrations, to the Government to improve the working and living condition, reduced working hours, the implementation of eight-hour day. Strike soon, the team continues to expand, increase in the number of trade union members, local workers have joined the strike movement.
Under strong pressure in the labor movement, the U.S. Congress forced the development of the eight hour working law. However, the vicious capitalists simply ignored the law but a dead letter, the workers are still in dire straits, and has never tortured capitalists. Intolerable workers decided to fight this fight for the right to life, into a new climax, ready to hold more large-scale strikes.
October 1884, the United States and Canada, eight international and national labor organizations, held a meeting in Chicago, decided May 1, 1886 a general strike to force the capitalists to implement the eight-hour working day