谁给解释下独立主格,帮忙解释下有关独立主格的知识,merci!

谁给解释下独立主格,帮忙解释下有关独立主格的知识,merci!
谁给解释下独立主格,
帮忙解释下有关独立主格的知识,merci!

谁给解释下独立主格,帮忙解释下有关独立主格的知识,merci!
1 独立主格
由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构.
（一）独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词
名词(代词)+形容词
名词(代词)+副词
名词(代词)+不定式
名词(代词) +介词短语构成
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况.
1、名词或代词主格 + 分词
①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.
实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录.
②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper.
如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散步.
2、名词或代词主格 + 形容词
①Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们.
② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!
3、名词或代词主格 + 不定式
The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了.
4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语
① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷.
② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks.
山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花.
5、名词或代词主格 + 副词
① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室.
② The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了.
（二）独立主格结构的特点：
1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
2. 名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系.
3. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
例：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你.
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家.
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家.
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了.
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同
1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句.但是,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致(例①).而分词短语转换为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语一致(例②).
① If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 转换为:
Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假.
②When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.转换为:
Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发现这个城市更美了.
2、还必须注意,分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致,也可以是主句的其它成分,语法上称作"依着法则"(例①).而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作"悬垂分词"(例②).
①Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time.
在城市里搜查小偷,花费了警察很长一段时间.
② When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots.
(人们)种这些花时必须小心,不要损坏了花根.
独立主格结构与独立成分的异同
1、有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法.
这些短语有: Generally speaking 总的说来, Frankly speaking 坦率地说,Judging from 从……判断,Supposing 假设,等
①Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 总的说来,这条规则很容易懂.
②Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所说的来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人.
2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分.
这些短语有: to be honest老实说,to be sure 确实,to tell you the truth 说实话,to cut a long story short 长话短说,to be frank 坦率地说,to make matters / things worse 更糟糕的是,等等.
① To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling. 说实话,我犯了一个拼写错误.
② To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 情况更糟的是,许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作,而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作.
2 With的复合结构作独立主格
表示伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构.
With + 名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
例题
1. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构.当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导.由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词）,也不用复数,但with的复合结构不受此限制.
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. (hand前不能加his)
2) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词.
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.