华慧考博：考博英语写作短板，三招搞定作文

精选作文:华慧考博：考博英语写作短板，三招搞定作文

2016年考博英语复习已经进入强化冲刺阶段，在剩余四个月左右时间里，作文无疑是除了阅读理解外的又一重点和难点。和考博英语其他题型相比，复习作文在短时间内更容易有突破，从现在开始，考生可每隔一天练习一篇写作，写完之后参照答案或找辅导老师修改，对于自身的短板，可通过以下方法改正、提升。

短板一：词汇拼写错误较为严重，词汇选用不当。

应对策略：平时阅读过程中注意单词拼写，关注单词使用语境，多积累高级词汇和句型。

例如：It can make our lifedecrese fault.

华慧考博英语老师分析指出，在这句话中有两处错误：一是decrese的拼写错误，二是decrease fault使用不贴切，让生活中犯错更少，应该是full of less faults。Life并不能够decrease faults，人才可以decrease faults。所以在选词上一定要符合英文的行文习惯。

短板二：语法掌握不好，句子的基本句型主谓结构掌握不清。

应对策略：句子完成后需要检查，看看是否符合语法规定。

例如：Due to the fact thatthe mental state, we have to keep a balance between the physicaland the mental.

这句话中，due to the factthat后面需要接一个句子，而上句中只是一个名词性短语，所以错误。另外，between...and...需要连接两个名词短语，上句中形容词physical和mental后缺少名词性成分。改正为Due to the fact that the mental state plays asignificant role, we have to keep a balance between the physicalwell-being and the mental health.

短板三：格式不正确，结构不清晰，汉语式英文思维太过明显，翻译的过程中常常不合英文写作要求。

应对策略：多阅读范文，写作前列好提纲，注意使用衔接词。

“格式不正确常常出现在应用文中，考生会忘记写落款，这点需要考生特别注意，否则就会因为这点扣除相应分数。”华慧考博的英语老师表示。另外，有些文章结构不清晰，或者没有分段，或者段落之间的内容混乱；开头段就开始论述问题，第二段提出建议，结尾段又给出原因，逻辑混乱不清，抓不住重点。为了避免出现上述问题，在平时练习时考生就要养成写文章前打腹稿的习惯，明确行文结构和大概内容，这样在写作过程中才不至于不知道说什么，甚至瞎写一通。

华慧考博开设有2016年考博英语VIP保过班，经验丰富的英语辅导团队老师能够根据考生个人情况，制定出系统保过方案，对学员个性化全程一对一辅导。无论复习中存在任何问题，学员都能够及时得到解答。正在备考2016年考博的考生，不妨加入其中，开启高效考博英语复习模式。

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篇一：考博英语写作指导

考博英语写作指导

博士生入学英语考试写作部分试题说明

根据教育部1992年颁布的《研究生英语教学大纲》（以下简称大纲《大纲》的要求：“非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。”《大纲》中对硕士生的写作要求是“掌握基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落展开和起承转合等），能按具体要求，在一小时内写出250词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。”、

Secondly,fortheviewpointoftheuniversities,theyshouldadjusttheirconstructureofcurriculum.Theyshouldpaymoreattentiontothecultivationofgraduate’scapability.Theyshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestodirecttheireducationalgoalfromexam-orientededucationtoeducationforall-rounddevelopment.Finally,asfaraspersonnelisconcerned,astudentshouldpaymoreattentiontothelearningofallkindsofknowledgetomeettheneedsofsociety.

Inaword,itishightimethatwereformedthegraduateeducationsystem.Ifwedonotmakesomechangesinthegraduateeducationsystem,wemaybefailureintheinternationalcompetition.Sowemustreformourgraduateeducationsystem.(219words)

点评：该文紧扣主题，结构严谨，内容充实，语言流畅，句式变化多样。虽有个别小错，但英语表达能力较强，长度符合要求。

万能框架Asisimpliedinthetable(orcartoon)andwellknowntoallofus,?Take?inthetable(cartoon)forexample,it’s?forthe?to?Butwhen?Ontheotherhand,theredoexistsome?that?Theyaremakingallpossiblemeansto?andtryingtheirbestto?Comparedwithwhatthose?,It’sapitythat?Andwhat’smore,withthedeepeningandfurtheringofourcountry’sopeningandreforming,more?areallowedto?WithChinaenteringtheWTO,?arealsopermittedto?Ifstillblindtothis,the?issureto?So,it’surgentandessentialfor?toanalyze?morerationallyandmacroscopically.Itmustkeepinmindthat?shouldneverbeunheard.

Althoughtheconditionisunsatisfactorynow,withtheawarenessofthe?inthetable(orcartoon)andallthesocietyefforts,improvementandanevenbrighterfuturearenotonlypossiblebutalsoinevitable.

三历年考试中存在的典型问题分析

1．不会审题，偏离主题。

2．汉语思维，逐字翻译。常见考生用汉语构思文章，同时将汉语句子硬译成英语。

3．用词搭配不当。

4．词汇量小，表达困难，拼写错误。

5．句法逻辑关系混乱。例如：OurEnglishclassoftentoldstories.正确的应是:StoriesareoftentoldonourEnglishclass.

6．不会用关联词转承上下句和段落。关联词即过渡词，使用过渡词，可使上下句子和段落合理衔接，承上启下，使表达合乎逻辑，常见过渡词如asfaras,however,well,though,inspiteof。

7．语法错误。

主要表现为：

（1）分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise，raise；hear,listen

（2）被动语态和主动语态的误用,例如:interesting和interested

（3）词类混淆,将动词或形容词误用作名词,将名词或动词误用作形容词,例如:benefit和beneficial;

difficult和difficulty;

pleasure和pleased等。

（4）混淆可数名词和不可数名词，例如：

help，practice等。

（5）冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：

aEnglishbook,shoulddid,mustdone等。

四．如何写出漂亮的文章

文章要内容切题，表达清楚，意思连贯，语言比较规范。这就要求考生在写作时，把握如下方面：

1．统一性（Unity）

内容切题，实际上就是要求文章统一性。所谓统一性，就是指短文必须围绕着主题扩展，不能多中心。统一性表现在句子、段落和篇章三个层次上。我们写汉语文章的要求是首先不能跑题，实际上就是对统一性的要求。

2．连贯性(Coherence)

指句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的衔接要自然通畅，主要体现在文章的逻辑发展顺序和过渡词语的运用上。

1）逻辑顺序

按照时间先后，或空间位置的相互关系，我们可以写出眉目清晰、符合逻辑的段落或文章。叙述文体多采用时间顺序，描写文体中空间顺序更常见。高潮形成系指按照其重要性或严重性安排各个发展点（指段落）或发展段（指文章）的顺序，这种语篇发展方法在描写、叙述、说明和议论文中均常出现。英语语篇的逻辑顺序安排一般是先谈最次要的内容，继而谈较为重要的内容，最后再谈最重要的内容，从而形成文章高潮。

2）过渡词语的运用——语篇的外在连贯手段

有时，单靠逻辑上的连贯对英语语篇来说是很不够的，因而过渡词语的运用必不可少。汉语的连贯属于“意合”，英语的连贯属“形合”，而借助过渡词语取得语篇的连贯是形合法最突出的特点。所以，在英语文章内，诸如等过渡词语特别多。它们的运用挑明了句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的关系，使文章更加显得连贯。由于受汉语“意合”的影响，中国学生常忽略过渡词语的运用。所以中国学生在进行英语写作时必须对此给以足够的重视。

、

3．语言规范

语言的规范涉及面广。小至遣词造句，大到语篇结构，无不体现语言使用的质量。根据近年博士生入学英语考试的作文试卷统计，许多考生未熟练掌握造句技能甚至不能保证单词拼写正确、句子无重大语法错误。因此要多读多看英语报刊和原著，从中学习语言用法，没有仔细阅读过、理解过的东西千万不要在作文中使用，切忌中国式英语。

考博英语写作材料

汉语中有许多习惯用语。其中有的是用“人们”、“有人”、“大家”等作主语，有的看来是无主句，有的则是句子中的独立成分，如“应该说”、“必须指出”、“已经证明”等，在英语中则常用it作形式主语的句型来表达这些习惯语。

（1）人们（有人、大家）认为??Itisconsidered(orthought)that?

（2）普遍（一般、通常）认为??Itisgenerally(usually)accepted(oragreed,recognized)that?

（3）人们（有人、大家）相信??Itisbelievedthat?

（4）众所周知??Itiswell-knownthat?

（5）据说（有人说）??Itissaidthat?

（6）据悉??Itislearnedthat?

（7）据推测??Itissupposedthat?

（8）据估计（预计）??Itisestimated(predicated,calculated)that?

（9）据报导??Itisreportedthat?

（10）必须指出??Itmustbepointedoutthat?

（11）必须（应该）承认??Itmust(should)beadmittedthat?

（12）可见（可以看出）??Itwillbeseenthat?

（13）由此可见??Itwillbeseenfromthisthat?

（14）不用说（谁都知道）??Itisunderstoodthat?

（15）无可否认??Itcannotbedeniedthat?

（16）已经证明??Ithasbeenprovedthat?

（17）可以肯定??Itmaybeconfirmedthat?

（18）可以有把握地说??Itmaybesafelysaidthat?

（19）人们有时会问??Itissometimesaskedthat?

（20）人们希望??Itisexpected(hoped)that?

(21)毫不夸张地说??Itisnoexaggerationtosaythat??

YoungStudentsStudyingAbroad

ForaChinesestudent,attendinganoverseasschoolcanbeagreatopportunitytolearnsomething.However,todaysomeoftheseluckyindividualsarelosingsightoftheirmainpriority.

AnarticlefromWorker’sDailyrevealsthattocoveroneyear’sstayinaBritishprivatemiddleschoolwithon-campushousingandotherlivingexpenses,theparentswhotoilbackathomehavetosetnearly30,000dollarsasidefortheirchildren.AsaconsequenceofMom’sandDad’sliberalattitude,someChinesestudentsemergeasweekend-movie-goers,fancy-car-owners,andfrequenttravelers,allattheexpenseoftheirparents.Thepricetagsoftheirclothesalsoraisewesterners’eyebrows.

Educationexpertshavebeenworryingabouttheupshotforthe"newnobles."

Scantiswhattheylearnedfrombooks,butthecompulsiontospendwilllingerthroughoutthelatterpartoftheirlives.

Beijing’sTransportationSystem

RailwaytransportwillformthebackboneofBeijing’strafficsystem,andbuses,includingtrolleybuseswillbethemainstay.

Eightnewsubwaylineswillbebuiltintheurbanarea,includingonelinkingthecitycenterwithCapitalAirport.

Therewillbemorethan650buslines,andthecivilianparkingspacesinurbanareaswillreach1andahalfmillion.

Thecityexpectsthepublictransportationsystemtocarryupto60%ofdailycommuters,andtheaveragetimeforcommutertripswithinthe5thringroadwillnotexceed50minutes.

Thecitywillalsoupgradethetaxies.Bytheyear2008,over70%ofalltaxisinoperationwillbemediumandhigh-pricedvehicles,usingcleanenergyfuel,andallofthetaxieswillmeetenvironmentalstandards.

CollegeEnrollmentExpansion

China’shighereducationsystemisorganizedbythegovernmentanditsadmissionsprocesshasbeencentrallyoperated.Duringthepastdecade,attitudestohighereducationhavechanged,withpeopleplacinggreateremphasisonattendingcollegeoruniversity.

Manypeoplebelievethathighereducationisindispensableforfast-trackingtheircareerdevelopmentandsecuringacompetitivesalary.Andasdemandforhighereducationincreases,thenumberofprivate-runcollegesinthecountryhas

snowballed.Nowagrowingnumberofadulteducationinstituteshavealsobeguntoofferfurthereducationtohighschoolgraduates.

Collegeenrollmentexpansionstartedin1999.Beforetheexpansion,onlyasmallproportionofpeoplebetweentheagesof18and22couldattendcollege.In1998,fewerthan10percentofstudentsinthisagecategorywereacceptedintofurthereducation.

“Theenrollmentrateforschoolsofhigherlearningnowexceeds13percent.Theenrollmentexpansionhashelpedsolvedtheproblemoftherelativelysmall-scalehighereducationalsector.”

Toprovidesatisfactorystudyandlivingconditionsforenlargednumbersofstudents,collegeshavereformedtheirgeneralservicedepartments.

Asgovernment-runcollegesexpand,manyprivateschoolshavealsogrownintolarge-scalehigherlearninginstitutions.Therearenowalmost1000publicuniversitiesinthecountry,andanevengreaternumberofprivately-run

institutions.Manyofthem,includingtheBeijingHaidianUniversityandtheXi’anTranslationCollegeinnorthwestChina’sShaanxiProvince,havemorethan10,000studentseach.Insomecases,studentsevenchooseprivateuniversitiesoverpublicones.Thiswasconsideredimpossibleinthepast.

Apartfromcollegesanduniversities,whichspecializeinbothscientificresearchandthetrainingofhighlyskilledprofessionals,vocationaleducationhasalsowitnessedrapiddevelopmentoverthepastfewyears.Therearenownearly400vocationalschoolsinChina,trainingover700,000studentsforavarietyofskilledjobs.

CollegeenrollmentratesinbigcitieslikeBeijingandShanghaiareamongthehighestinthecountry.Butasenrollmenthasgrowndramaticallythroughoutthecountryoverthepastfewyears,otherplacesarestartingtocatchup.

Theirnextstep,accordingtosomeofthecountry’smostprestigiousuniversities,suchasBeijingUniversity,istoimprovetheiracademicquality.ThiswillallowChineseuniversitiestocompetewiththebestintheworld.

PrivateCarsinBeijing

PrivatelyownedcarsinlargecitieslikeBeijingarenotonlyaheadachefortrafficcongestionbutalsoavehicleforshowingoff,accordingtoanarticleinChinaYouthNews.

Thearticlesaysamajorfactorintrafficcongestionisthatmanypeopledrivetheircarstowork.

篇二：考博英语作文指导

为确保英语作文内容充分可以使用的七种论据

专家证言、统计数据、例子、个人经历、逻辑推理、常识、类比

三段式作文的结构要求

Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

三段论的文章应该符合“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”的要求，即开头要简洁，正文要充实，结尾要有力。

引言写作模版

{I.吸引注意力：可以用数字、问题、引语等}/{II.引出文章话题：可以开门见山式、正反表态式、驳论式、收网式}/{III.表述中心论点；由topic+controllingidea构成}

要点提示：

1．引言段可以由三部分构成，

.

强烈推荐表列举的词汇和短语：

1）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally

2）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally

3）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast

4）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally

5）onetheonehand,ontheotherhand(适用于两点的情况)

6）foronething,foranotherthing(适用于两点的情况)

其他推荐过渡词：

1.表示递进：besides,inaddition(to),additionally,what’smore/worse,what'sbetter,worsestill,moreover,aboveall,notonly...butalso

2.表示并列：meanwhile,at-thesametime,inthemeantime

3.表示原因：because,becauseof,for,as,inthat,since,owingtodueto,onaccountof,onthegroundof,asaresultof,result

from

4.表示比较：equallyimport,similarly,likewise,inthesameway

6.表示对比或对照：onthecontrary,in/bycontrast,while,instead,differentfrom,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof,yet,but,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,notonly…butalso,theformer…thelatter,some…others,thefirst…whereasthesecond,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand

7.表示强调：inparticular,ontopofallthis,aboveall,mostimportantofall,evenworse,tomakethings,worstofall,needlesstosay

8.表示结果：thus,therefore,accordingly,so,asaresult,forthisreason,then,hence,consequently,asaconsequence,resultin,leadto

8.表示总结：inaword,allinall,tosumup,inbrief,inshort,tosummarize,toconclude,inconclusion

推荐开头句型：

Recently,theriseinhasarousedpublicconcern.

Recentlytheissueoftheproblem(phenomenon)ofhasbeenbroughtintofocus(hasbeenbroughttopublicattention).______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.

结尾万能公式：

1.公式一：如此结论

Thus,itcanbesafelyconcludedthat…,Therefore,wecansafelydrawsuchaconclusionthat…

更多过渡短语：

tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,inshort,inoneword…

2.结尾万能公式二：如此建议

Insummary/Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestoenableoldpeopletoenjoycomfortablelives..

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthatitisessentialforustotakesomemeasuresto.

Afterponderingthisquestiononmanyoccasions,Ihavefinallyreachedtheconclusionthatwemusttakesomemeasuresto.

Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.

不同观点列举型（选择型）模块：

Thereiswidespreadconcernovertheissuethat.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat.Intheirviews,therearetwofactorscontributiontothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,原因一.Futhermore,inthesecondplace,原因二.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat观点一.

People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehodtheideathat观点二.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand,观点二.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat，butalsobecause..

运用模板写作范例：

IsInheritanceTaxtheAnswertoaFairDistributionofWealth?

Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissue—whetherinheritancetaxistheanswertoafairdistributionofwealth.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.AmajorityofpeopledonotthinkthatitisadvisabletolevyinheritancetaxontherichpeopleinChinaatpresent.Intheirviewstherearetwofactorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,China’seconomicgrowthreliesonhugeinvestment,buttheintroductionofinheritancetaxwillfrightenawaymanyarichpeople,whichwillresultinheavylossofjobopportunities.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,withregardtoChineselawsystem,therearestillsomeloopholes.Bytakingadvantageofsuchloopholes,somerichpeoplearestillabletoevadeinheritancetax,whichmayleadtomorerampantcorruption.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthattheintroductionofinheritancetaxcanhardlyachievethewell-intentionedgoal—fairdistributionofwealth.

People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathatinheritancetaxshouldbeleviedforthesakeoffairdistributionofwealth.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand，withthedevelopmentofmarketeconomy,thegapbetweentherichandthepoorisgettingwiderandwider,whichisnotconducivetosocial

stability.Ontheotherhand,withouttheimplementationofsomefavorablepoliciesmadebyourcentralgovernment,thosewhoarerichwouldnothavebeenabletoaccumulatesomuchwealth.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthattherichpeopleshouldshouldermoresocialresponsibilityandmakemorecontributiontothewelfareofthepoorpeople.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthattoalargedegree,inheritancetaxisananswertothefairdistributionofsocialwealth.Itisnotonlybecauseitisaneffectivewaytosmoothoversocialconflicts,butalsobecauseitwillenableourcountrytobecomemorecompetitive.Themoretaxourcentralgovernmentcollects,themorepowerfulourcountrywillbe.Inbrief,theintroductionofinheritancetaxmeansbetterstandardoflivingforthemajorityofordinarycitizens.

利弊型的议论文模块：

Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin题目议题.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,优点一.Andsecondly优点二.

Justasapopularsayinggoes,“everycoinhastwosides”,isnoexception,andinanotherword,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,缺点一，Inaddition,缺点二.

Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesofintofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe.

自由发挥型黄金模板1：

Nowadays,itisaheatedlydiscussedtopicthat引出话题(转述问题).Peoplehaveputforwardvariousways,suchas例1，例2，例3，etc.Asforme,thebestwayto主题词is论点。

Thebenefitsformyideascanbegeneralizedtotwomajorones.Firstofall,支持论点的理由1.Supposeif提出假想例子证明理由1.

Anotherbenefitisthat支持论点的理由2.引用名言或谚语证明理由2.

Inconclusion,总结.So提出建议.

套用模板范文

TheBestWaytoStayHealthy

Nowadays,itisaheatedlydiscussedtopicthatwhatisthebestwaytostayhealthy.Peoplehaveputforwardvariousways,suchasdoingexercises,keepingabalanceddiet,takingvitamintabletseveryday,etc.Asforme,thebestwaytostayhealthyistodevelopapositivemindtowardlife.

Thebenefitsformyideascanbegeneralizedtotwomajorones.Firstofall,apositivemindhelpstoreleaseyoufromthepressureorfrustrationofyourworkorlife.Supposeifyoualwayskeepabulldogmoodtowardeverything,youcannotbehealthyevenifyouhaveaverygooddietandexerciseveryoften.

Anotherbenefitisthatthepositiveattitudehelpsyoutogainfriendship.“Thereisnomanthatimparthisjoystohisfriends,butthathejoythemore.”,asBaconsaid.Noonewouldliketomakefriendwithonewhoalwayscomplains.

Inconclusion,mentalhealthisasimportantasphysicalhealth,butmoredifficulttogain.Soonceyouareunderpressure,youshouldlearnhowtorelaxandreleaseyourtensednerves.Anddon’tforgettoshareitwithyourfriends!自由发挥型黄金模板2：

Thisproblemisamuchdebatedoneinthatitaffectsalmosteverybodyintheirdailylives.Personally,Ithinkthat论点.Tobeginwith,支持论点的理由1，说明理由1.

AfurtherreasonwhyIsupportthisisthat支持论点理由2.Thereisgoodevidencetoshowthat证明理由2.

Allinall,重述主题，提出建议.(试着写:MyViewonCollegeStudents’PayingtheTuitionFee)

自由发挥型黄金模板3：

Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthat反方论点.Buttobefrank,Icannotagreewiththem.Frommypointofview,论点.

Firstofall,支持论点的理由1，说明理由1.

Besides,支持论点理由2.证明理由2.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,aconclusioncanbedrawnthat总结观点.Iwish提出希望.

图表式作文写作模板

Itisobviousinthegraphic/tablethattherate/number/amountofYhasundergonedramaticchanges.Ithasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).AtthepointofX1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof……(多少).Whatisthereasonforthischange?Mainlythereare……(多少)reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraphic/table.Firstofall,……(